Mechanism of error propagation from the subdaily Universal Time model into the celestial pole offsets estimated by VLBI

Within the analysis of space geodetic observations, errors of the applied subdaily Earth rotation model can induce systematic effects in different estimated parameters. In this paper, we focus on the impact of the subdaily Universal Time (UT1) model on the celestial pole offsets (CPO) estimated from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. We provide a mechanism that describes the error propagation from the subdaily UT1 into the daily CPO.In typical 24-h VLBI sessions the observed quasars are well distributed over the sky. But the observations, if looked at from the Earth-fixed frame, are not homogeneously distributed. The amount of observations performed in different terrestrial directions shows an irregularity which can be roughly compared to the case where the observations are collected in only one Earth-fixed direction. This peculiarity leads to artefacts in VLBI solutions, producing a correlation between the subdaily variations in UT1 and the position of the celestial pole. As a result errors in diurnal terms of the subdaily UT1 model are partly compensated by the estimated CPO. We compute for each 24-h VLBI session from 1990 until 2011 the theoretical response of the CPO to an error in the subdaily UT1 by setting up a least-squares adjustment model and using as input the coordinates of the observed quasars and observation epochs. Then real observed response of the estimated CPO derived from the VLBI session solutions is compared to the predicted one. A very good agreement between the CPO values estimated from VLBI and the predicted values was achieved. The presented model of error propagation from the subdaily UT1 into the daily CPO allows to predict and explain the behaviour of CPO estimates of VLBI solutions computed with different subdaily Earth rotation models, what can be helpful for testing the accuracy of different subdaily tidal models.     

低雷诺数仿生分离流翼型气动特性初探

为了探索适合低雷诺数微型飞行器的翼型形式,基于对自然界鸟类和昆虫滑翔飞行时翅膀形状的观察,设计出一种由前缘削尖平板和后缘圆弧翼型组合而成的仿生分离流翼型。数值研究结果表明,气流在削尖平板的前缘点强制分离,形成大范围低压分离流动,随后在后部圆弧翼上表面再附形成稳定低压涡流区,从而实现较高的气动效率和较强的抵抗大气湍流的能力。上削尖平板可以使流动分离点固定在削尖点。相对于单独平板,仿生分离流翼型的升力系数有大幅提高,迎角为4°时提高了112%。此外,仿生分离流翼型可以在较宽的迎角范围内（4°~20°）保持高升力,但是迎角增加,阻力也快速增大,因此小迎角情况下（小于4°）气动效率更优。      

厚覆冰导线升力突变机理及数值模拟研究

针对新月形厚覆冰导线的升力系数在风攻角15°附近存在突变的问题,分别采用基于k-ωSST湍流模型的雷诺时均法和大涡模拟(LES)的数值方法对新月形厚覆冰导线在风攻角10°~20°范围进行了模拟。通过对比两种数值方法计算得到的覆冰导线气动力系数、流场结构和表面风压,发现LES方法能够更好地捕捉新月形覆冰导线表面的小尺度涡结构,得到的覆冰导线气动力参数计算结果与风洞试验数据高度吻合;而k-ωSST湍流模型难以模拟壁面上小尺度涡,捕捉不到升力系数的突变。根据覆冰导线不同壁面区域的压力分布,发现上侧壁面处的涡结构影响整体流场,并在下侧壁面曲率、来流夹角和壁面切线方向共同作用下导致升力系数突变。LES的气动力参数模拟结果可为覆冰导线防舞提供参考。     

旋转弹体马格努斯效应数值模拟方法研究

旋转的弹体通常会存在马格努斯效应,严重影响飞行稳定性和弹道轨迹。提出基于旋转壁面法的多对称面弹体旋转效应数值模拟方法,无需借助动网格和多参考系模型,仅需要将旋转速度附加壁面,即可使用定常方法模拟马格努斯效应;同时,使用SOCBT标准弹体模型对该方法进行验证分析。结果表明:计算值与试验值吻合较好;由于旋转引起的附面层堆积以及大攻角分离效应、激波的干扰,计算时附面层的网格节点要足够密,并且应该针对不同的攻角选择精度与效率兼顾的计算模型。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

基于FMI的飞行器分系统多源异构模型一体化仿真

针对飞行器设计领域各个分系统独立建模设计,产生的多源异构模型难以进行联合数学仿真的问题,提出了采用FMI构建多源异构模型的通用通信接口,从FMU模型封装与联合仿真两方面,给出了一种一体化仿真平台解决方案。以实际项目为背景,验证了平台的兼容性和扩展性。为控制专业的设计工作提供了新的平台,解决了各分系统研发单位之间模型级交流的困难与障碍。同时使控制专业设计人员仅需要了解分系统原理,而无需完全细致了解模型内部结构甚至自行建模,就可以进行设计验证工作,缩短了产品研制周期。     

燃油喷嘴雾化特性试验研究

为了检验某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴改进设计效果,利用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对燃油喷嘴的雾化性能参数进行试验研究。得到雾化液滴的索太尔平均直径的空间分布、轴向平均速度、脉动速度及其湍流度的分布情况。结果表明:轴向平均速度呈凹盆状分布,脉动速度呈双峰状分布;喷雾中心湍流度大,喷雾边缘湍流度小。随着供油压力增大,在相同测试截面上,喷雾的范围和中心区域粒径变大,边缘位置粒径变小。在相同供油压力下,随着与喷嘴距离的增加,喷雾范围增大,喷雾的轴向平均速度和脉动速度减小,轴向速度的湍流度波动幅度减小。     

尾缘锯齿结构的降噪物理机制实验

对比分析了常规尾缘翼型与锯齿尾缘翼型尾缘湍流流场的基本特征,并通过线阵列的方法测量了两种尾缘结构的噪声.结果表明:锯齿尾缘翼型尾缘湍流流场的湍流强度以及3个方向上的湍流强度都相比于常规尾缘翼型有显著减少,声场结果显示锯齿尾缘翼型对尾缘噪声有显著减小,对前缘噪声影响很小.锯齿结构加宽了尾迹区域并加快了大涡的破碎,产生了额外的马蹄涡,湍流脉动衰减率沿着流动方向变大.      

基于放大因子与Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型的转捩预测

为了验证放大因子输运方程与Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型耦合对转捩现象的模拟精度,选取Schubauer and Klebanoff(S-K)平板、S809低速翼型、30p30n多段翼型以及复杂的三维HiLiftPW-1构型进行自由转捩计算,并将计算结果与实验进行比较分析,其中针对S809算例,还与Langtry-Menter(L-M)转捩模型进行了比较.算例结果表明:放大因子输运方程与S-A湍流模型的耦合能够较好的捕捉转捩位置以及转捩发展过程,对分离泡诱导的转捩的模拟相比L-M转捩模型更精确,转捩位置的捕捉精度提升了10%;对比实验,多段翼转捩位置的捕捉误差最大为6.5%;针对三维高升力增升构型,以实验作为参考,全湍流计算与考虑边界层转捩的对比显示考虑边界层转捩能够更加精确的模拟气动力系数,升力和表面摩擦阻力系数的模拟精度精度提升1%.      

基于涡方法生成大涡模拟进口条件的数值计算

探索改进涡方法来生成大涡模拟的非定常进口条件.改进方法中,为了避免局部漩涡数量过多或者过少,采用密度分布方式放置漩涡场.并用Langevin方程控制漩涡运动,模拟实验方法中的蜂窝器,使改进后的涡方法生成的脉动速度场更加符合湍流的特征.在已知雷诺平均的流场结果下,利用涡方法产生漩涡场,进而生成能满足大涡模拟所需要的非定常进口流场.为了检验改进后的涡方法在生成脉动速度过程中的效果,在槽道中进行了对比数值试验,并借助于直接数值模拟数据做对比,对比分析槽道进出口的平均速度、涡量以及雷诺应力统计,证明改进后的涡方法在生成大涡模拟进口条件下是非常有效的.